ZEP tokenomics

The ZEP supply cap, minting schedule and how every block reward is split.

ZEP has a hard cap of 1,000,000,000. 21,000,000 exist at genesis and the remaining 979,000,000 are minted by blocks over 21 years, with each year minting 10% less than the one before.

The schedule in short

Setting	Value
Hard cap	1,000,000,000 ZEP
At genesis	21,000,000 ZEP, counted as part of the validators' share
Minted by blocks	979,000,000 ZEP
Yearly decrease	10%
Minting years	21
Year 1 mint	109,928,237 ZEP

Who receives it

Every block reward is split four ways.

Share	Of the 1B cap	Of each block reward	Purpose
Validators (Security)	33%	309 / 979	Paid to seated beacon and shard validators
Finance	33%	330 / 979	Liquidity and the neobank
DAO	33%	330 / 979	Growth and development
Satoshi	1%	10 / 979	Creators

Validators receive 309 parts of each block and not 330 because 21,000,000 ZEP of their third is issued at genesis.

Year by year

All figures are whole ZEP.

Year	Minted	Validators	Finance	DAO	Satoshi	Total supply
Genesis	21,000,000	21,000,000	0	0	0	21,000,000
1	109,928,237	34,696,451	37,054,462	37,054,462	1,122,862	130,928,237
2	98,935,414	31,226,806	33,349,016	33,349,016	1,010,576	229,863,651
3	89,041,872	28,104,125	30,014,114	30,014,114	909,519	318,905,523
4	80,137,686	25,293,713	27,012,703	27,012,703	818,567	399,043,209
5	72,123,915	22,764,341	24,311,432	24,311,432	736,710	471,167,124
6	64,911,524	20,487,907	21,880,289	21,880,289	663,039	536,078,648
7	58,420,371	18,439,116	19,692,260	19,692,260	596,735	594,499,019
8	52,578,335	16,595,205	17,723,034	17,723,034	537,062	647,077,354
9	47,320,501	14,935,684	15,950,731	15,950,731	483,355	694,397,855
10	42,588,452	13,442,116	14,355,658	14,355,658	435,020	736,986,307
11	38,329,606	12,097,904	12,920,092	12,920,092	391,518	775,315,913
12	34,496,646	10,888,114	11,628,083	11,628,083	352,366	809,812,559
13	31,046,982	9,799,302	10,465,275	10,465,275	317,130	840,859,541
14	27,942,283	8,819,372	9,418,747	9,418,747	285,417	868,801,824
15	25,148,054	7,937,435	8,476,872	8,476,872	256,875	893,949,878
16	22,633,249	7,143,692	7,629,185	7,629,185	231,187	916,583,127
17	20,369,925	6,429,322	6,866,267	6,866,267	208,069	936,953,052
18	18,332,932	5,786,390	6,179,640	6,179,640	187,262	955,285,984
19	16,499,639	5,207,751	5,561,676	5,561,676	168,536	971,785,623
20	14,849,674	4,686,976	5,005,508	5,005,508	151,682	986,635,297
21	13,364,703	4,218,278	4,504,956	4,504,956	136,513	1,000,000,000

How the chain enforces it

• The block reward, yearly decrease and number of minting years are network settings; see Network parameters.
• The chain counts every minted coin from the first block and stops at 979,000,000.
• On the devnet the split was checked against these shares after the first epoch; see Validators and rewards.

Transaction fees are added to the same pool and split by the same shares.